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SS ''Ohioan'' was a cargo ship built in 1914 for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. During World War I, she was taken over by the United States Navy and commissioned as USS ''Ohioan'' (ID-3280). ''Ohioan'' was built by the Maryland Steel Company as one of eight sister ships ordered by the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company for inter-coastal service cargo via the Panama Canal. When the canal was temporarily closed by landslides in late 1915, ''Ohioan'' sailed via the Straits of Magellan until the canal reopened in mid 1916. During World War I, USS ''Ohioan'' carried cargo, animals, and a limited number of passengers to France, and returned over 8,000 American troops after the Armistice, including the highly decorated American soldier Alvin York. After ''Ohioan''s naval service ended in 1919, she was returned to her original owners. ''Ohioan''s post-war career was relatively uneventful until 8 October 1936, when she ran aground near Seal Rock at the Golden Gate, the entrance to San Francisco Bay. Attempts to free the ship were unsuccessful and, because of the close proximity of the wreck to San Francisco, the grounded ''Ohioan'' drew large crowds to watch salvage operations. Angelo J. Rossi, the mayor of San Francisco, toured the wreck on 19 October. ''Ohioan''s hulk caught fire in March 1937, and the wreck broke into two pieces in a storm in December. As late as 1939, some of ''Ohioan''s rusty steel beams were still visible on the rocks. == Design and construction == In May 1912, the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company placed an order with the Maryland Steel Company of Sparrows Point, Maryland, for two new cargo ships— and ''Ohioan''.〔Maryland Steel had built three ships—, ''Georgian'', and ''Honolulan''—for American-Hawaiian in 1909 in what proved to be a satisfactory arrangement for both companies. In September 1911 and November 1912, American-Hawaiian placed an order for ''Ohioan''s six older sister ships; , , , and in the earlier order, and in the latter.〕 The contract cost of the ships was set at the construction cost plus an 8% profit for Maryland Steel, but with a maximum price of $640,000 per ship. Maryland Steel financed the construction with a credit plan which called for a 5% down payment in cash followed by nine monthly installments for the balance. The deal allowed for some of the nine installments to be converted into longer-term notes or mortgages. The final cost of ''Ohioan'', including financing costs, was $73.58 per deadweight ton, which came out to just under $730,000.〔 ''Ohioan'' (Maryland Steel yard no. 133)〔 was the second ship built under the contract. She was launched on 24 January 1914,〔 and delivered to American-Hawaiian on 30 June.〔 The ship was ,〔 and was in length (between perpendiculars) and abeam.〔 She had a deadweight tonnage of ,〔 and her cargo holds, which had a storage capacity of ,〔 were outfitted with a complete refrigeration plant so that she could carry perishable products from the West Coast—such as fresh produce from Southern California farms—to the East Coast. ''Ohioan'' had a single steam engine powered by oil-fired boilers that drove a single screw propeller at a speed of .〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Ohioan (1914)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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